Climate change consequences
Climate change affects all regions around the world. Polar ice shields are melting and the sea is rising. In some regions extreme weather events and rainfall are becoming more common while others are experiencing more extreme heat waves and droughts.
These impacts are expected to intensify in the coming decades.
When water warms up it expands. At the same time global warming causes polar ice sheets and glaciers to melt.
The combination of these changes is causing sea levels to rise, resulting in flooding and erosion of coastal and low lying areas.
Heavy rain and other extreme weather events are becoming more frequent. This can lead to floods and decreasing water quality, but also decreasing availability of water resources in some regions.
Southern and central Europe are seeing more frequent heat waves, forest fires and droughts.
The Mediterranean area is becoming drier, making it even more vulnerable to drought and wildfires.
Northern Europe is getting significantly wetter, and winter floods could become common.
Urban areas, where 4 out of 5 Europeans now live, are exposed to heat waves, flooding or rising sea levels, but are often ill-equipped for adapting to climate change.
Many poor developing countries are among the most affected. People living there often depend heavily on their natural environment and they have the least resources to cope with the changing climate.
Climate change is already having an impact on health:
There has been an increase in the number of heat-related deaths in some regions and a decrease in cold-related deaths in others.
We are already seeing changes in the distribution of some water-borne illnesses and disease vectors.
Damage to property and infrastructure and to human health imposes heavy costs on society and the economy.
Between 1980 and 2011 floods affected more than 5.5 million people and caused direct economic losses of more than €90 billion.
Sectors that rely strongly on certain temperatures and precipitation levels such as agriculture, forestry, energy and tourism are particularly affected.
Climate change is happening so fast that many plants and animal species are struggling to cope.
Many terrestrial, freshwater and marine species have already moved to new locations. Some plant and animal species will be at increased risk of extinction if global average temperatures continue to rise unchecked.
气候变化的后果
气候变化影响世界各地的所有地区。极地冰盖正在融化,海平面正在上升。在一些地区,极端天气事件和降雨变得越来越普遍,而另一些地区正在经历更多的极端热浪和干旱。这些影响预计将在未来几十年加剧。冰层融化,海平面上升水受热时膨胀。与此同时,全球变暖导致极地冰盖和冰川融化。这些变化结合在一起导致海平面上升,导致沿海和低洼地区的洪水和侵蚀。极端天气,转移性降雨。暴雨和其他极端天气事件越来越频繁。这可能导致洪水和水质下降,但也会减少一些地区的水资源可用性。
欧洲的后果
南欧和中欧正经历更频繁的热浪、森林火灾和干旱。地中海地区正变得越来越干燥,这使得它更容易受到干旱和野火的影响。北欧正变得越来越潮湿,冬季洪水可能会变得很常见。现在有五分之四的欧洲人生活在城市地区,这些地区暴露在热浪、洪水或海平面上升的环境中,但往往在适应气候变化方面装备不足。
对发展中国家的影响
许多贫穷的发展中国家是受影响最严重的国家。生活在那里的人们往往严重依赖他们的自然环境,他们拥有最少的资源来应对气候变化。
对人类健康的风险
气候变化已经对健康产生影响:在一些地区,与高温有关的死亡人数有所增加,而在另一些地区,与寒冷有关的死亡人数有所减少。我们已经看到一些水传播疾病和病媒的分布发生了变化。
社会和经济成本
对财产和基础设施以及对人类健康的破坏给社会和经济带来沉重代价。1980年至2011年间,洪水影响了550多万人,直接经济损失超过900亿欧元。农业、林业、能源和旅游业等高度依赖特定温度和降水水平的部门受到的影响尤其严重。
风险对野生动物
气候变化的速度如此之快,以至于许多植物和动物物种都在努力应对。许多陆生、淡水和海洋物种已经迁移到新的地点。如果全球平均气温继续不受控制地上升,一些动植物物种将面临更大的灭绝风险。
更多信息请点击链接:https://ec.europa.eu
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