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REACH | 永磁体是符合REACH规定的物质/混合物或物品吗?
来源:ECHA | 作者:沐睿环境-莉哥 | 发布时间: 2022-07-14 | 489 次浏览 | 分享到:


在REACH规定下,永磁体应被视为一种物质或混合物(而不是物品)。这是因为它的形状、表面或设计与其功能的相关性不如其化学成分。作为一种物质或混合物,永磁体受REACH和CLP法规的适用条款的约束(例如,需要适当包装和标签)。
永磁体有不同的尺寸和形状。它们应能产生(强大的)永久磁场,并保持稳定,以发挥磁力吸引或排斥其他磁性物体的主要功能(例如在碗柜中保持门关闭)。它们还应该具有高的矫顽力(即它们应该难以消磁)。
用于制造永磁体的材料应当是具有永磁场的材料,或者是具有通过施加外部磁场而磁化的磁化率的材料。后者也应保留印迹磁图案(高磁矫顽力)。
磁性是由制造物体的材料的化学性质所产生的物理性质的一个例子,见《关于条款中物质要求的指南》(第2.2分章)。该指南还规定,此类材料特性或性能不能与物体的形状、表面和设计相混淆。
稳定性(磁矫顽力)和所产生的永磁体的强度似乎是永磁体最重要的特性。因此,永磁体的磁性与其化学成分密切相关,决定了其功能。


A permanent magnet should be considered as a substance or a mixture (and not an article) under REACH. This is because its shape, surface or design are less relevant for its function than its chemical composition. As a substance or a mixture, a permanent magnet is subject to the applicable provisions of the REACH and CLP regulations (e.g. it needs to be appropriately packaged and labelled).
Permanent magnets are used in different sizes and forms. They should create a (strong) permanent magnetic field and be stable to perform their main function of attracting or repelling other magnetic objects through a magnetic force (e.g. in cupboards to keep a door closed). They should also have high magnetic coercivity (i.e. they should be difficult to demagnetise).  
The materials to be used to produce permanent magnets should either be either materials with permanent magnetic fields or materials with a susceptibility to be magnetised by applying an external magnetic field. The latter should also retain the imprinted magnetic pattern (high magnetic coercivity). 
The magnetism is one example of a physical property that results from the chemistry of the materials an object is made of, given in the Guidance on requirements for substances in articles (subchapter 2.2). The Guidance also states that such material characteristics or properties are not to be confused with the shape, surface and design of an object.
The stability (magnetic coercivity) and the strength of the created permanent magnetic field appear to be the most important properties of a permanent magnet. Therefore, the magnetic properties of the permanent magnet, which are strongly related to its chemical composition, determine its function.







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