Raw materials
For the EU to remain competitive and to preserve our environment, natural resources should be used in the most efficient way and without depleting the planet's resources. Recycled waste can be injected back into the economy as secondary raw materials. The EU works to make this easier, and to realise the full potential of these materials. It also promotes the fair and sustainable sourcing of primary raw materials globally.
Primary raw materials
Even if we recycle better and more, primary raw materials will continue to play an important role in the economy. EU laws and policy, for instance on environmental impact assessments and extractive activities such as mining, can help reduce the environmental impacts of the exploration, extraction, production and waste management of these raw materials.
The Raw Materials Initiative is the EU’s raw materials strategic policy framework. It aims to secure a sustainable supply of raw materials for Europe and deals with all types of raw materials except those produced by agriculture and forestry and those used as fuel.
The Commission is exploring ways to ensure that the bioenergy derived from plants, but also from agricultural and urban waste, is sustainable and does not increase pressures on the land. Land and soil are essential but finite resources. So the EU is taking action to encourage sustainable land use and to limit soil degradation and soil sealing. It also promotes the sustainable management of the EU forests and works with other countries around the world to combat deforestation and tackle illegal logging.
The EU also has a strategy to preserve and restore biodiversity so that healthy ecosystems continue to provide us with raw materials such as food, medicines, biomass for energy and construction as well as with the many other ecosystem services that we depend on, such as clean air and fresh water.
Secondary raw materials
In a circular economy, waste that can be recycled is injected back into the economy as secondary raw materials. These materials can be traded and shipped just like primary raw materials but, at present, they still account for only a small proportion of the materials used in the EU. To increase the quantity and quality of these secondary raw materials, waste management must improve, for instance in terms of separate collection and sorting and recycling facilities. The Commission is proposing a review of waste laws to stimulate Europe's transition towards a more circular economy.
The Commission is also aiming to develop EU-wide standards for secondary raw materials so that industries aiming to use them more can be certain of their quality. Another obstacle to the use of secondary raw materials is that certain harmful chemicals remain present in recycling streams. The EU ensures that they get restricted or banned but older products containing such chemicals can still end up in recycling streams. So the Commission is working to improve the tracking of chemicals in products and to boost non-toxic material cycles. It aims to make it easier for smaller recyclers to detect and remove harmful chemicals and for SMEs in general to comply with REACH and find alternatives to the most dangerous chemicals.
The Commission also promotes the reuse of treated wastewater as a means to tackle water scarcity and has proposed a regulation to ease the access of organic and waste-based fertilisers to the EU single market as part of the Circular Economy Action Plan.

原材料
欧盟要想保持竞争力，保护我们的环境，就应该以最有效的方式利用自然资源，而不是耗尽地球上的资源。回收的废物可以作为二次原材料重新注入经济。欧盟正在努力简化这一过程，并充分发挥这些材料的潜力。它还促进在全球范围内公平和可持续地采购初级原材料。
主要原材料
即使我们更好地、更多地回收，初级原材料仍将继续在经济中发挥重要作用。例如，关于环境影响评估和采矿等采掘活动的欧盟法律和政策可以帮助减少这些原材料的勘探、开采、生产和废物管理对环境的影响。
原材料倡议是欧盟的原材料战略政策框架。它的目标是确保欧洲原材料的可持续供应，除了农业和林业生产的原材料和用作燃料的原材料外，它涉及所有种类的原材料。
该委员会正在探索各种方法，以确保从植物以及农业和城市废物中提取的生物能是可持续的，并且不会增加对土地的压力。土地和土壤是必不可少的有限资源。因此，欧盟正在采取行动，鼓励可持续土地利用，限制土壤退化和土壤封堵。它还促进欧盟森林的可持续管理，并与世界各地的其他国家合作，打击森林砍伐和非法砍伐。
欧盟也有一个策略来保护和恢复生物多样性,这样健康的生态系统继续为我们提供原材料,例如食品、药品、生物质能源和建设以及我们依赖的其他生态系统服务,如干净的水和新鲜的空气。
辅助原料
在循环经济中，可以回收的废物作为二次原材料注入到经济中。这些材料可以像初级原材料一样进行交易和运输，但目前在欧盟使用的材料中，它们仍然只占很小的比例。为了增加这些二次原料的数量和质量，必须改善废物管理，例如在分开收集、分类和回收设施方面。欧盟委员会正在提议对废品法进行审查，以刺激欧洲向更循环经济的过渡。
欧盟委员会还致力于制定欧盟范围内的二次原材料标准，以便希望更多使用二次原材料的行业能够确定其质量。使用二次原料的另一个障碍是某些有害化学物质仍然存在于回收流中。欧盟确保它们受到限制或禁止，但含有这些化学物质的旧产品最终仍可能被回收。因此，欧盟委员会正在努力改善对产品中化学物质的跟踪，并促进无毒材料的循环。它旨在使小型回收商更容易发现和清除有害化学品，并使一般中小企业更容易遵守REACH法规，找到最危险化学品的替代品。
作为循环经济行动计划的一部分，欧盟委员会还促进了废水处理的再利用，作为解决水资源短缺的一种手段，并提出了一项法规，以方便有机肥料和基于废物的肥料进入欧盟单一市场。

更多信息请点击：https://ec.europa.eu/environment/green-growth/raw-materials/index_en.htm 

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